![]() To understand the design of such an antenna, it will first be simulated using modern high-frequency EDA tools and then fabricated and measured to compare the performance with simulations.Ī Vivaldi antenna is a useful configuration because of its simplicity, wide bandwidth, and high gain at microwave frequencies. Its basic construction, operating principles, radiation patterns, types of TSAs, polarization, and feed techniques must be considered and studied before proceeding with the design and fabrication of a Vivaldi antenna. Some of these parameters are validated by high-frequency measurements with a microwave vector network analyzer (VNA) and a spectrum analyzer.īefore attempting to design a Vivaldi antenna, its characteristics should be well understood. It then computes reflection coefficients, the convergence of basic functions and current distributions, and the far-field radiation behavior. This method is based on the exact Green's function the MoM-based procedure used in ADS calculates the reflection coefficient and the unknown electric currents on the antenna. 5 The antenna was modeled and simulated with the Advanced Design System (ADS) EDA software tools from Agilent Technologies ( using method of moments (MoM) analysis. ![]() The Vivaldi antenna designed for the present study targets use at X-band frequencies, nominally from 8 to 12 GHz. Many of the early TSA experiments were conducted with electronic design automation (EDA) software design and analysis tools, such as the High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) from Ansoft ( and CST Microwave Studio from Computer Simulation Technology ( But for all this research, there has been insufficient study of a practical TSA design, a highfrequency single-sided exponential Vivaldi antenna, as will be presented here. In 1986, the simple case of a TSA without a substrate was first analyzed, 4 with more advanced analysis methods to follow. The tapered slot antenna (TSA), which was introduced by Gibson in 1979, 3 is well suited to meeting these requirements. 1 Key requirements in applications such as airborne radar and communications systems include high efficiency, wide bandwidth, light weight, small size, and simplicity. The basic behavior of an antenna can be described by its wave field strength, polarization, and direction of propagation. Although there are many types of antennas, they all operate according to the same basic EM principles. The measured result can confirm that the proposed AVAs can detect unwanted cell inside the breast while maintaining the compact size, simple structure and low complexity in design.This file type includes high resolution graphics and schematics when applicable.Īntennas are essential to highfrequency communications and electronic systems for radiating or receiving electromagnetic (EM) energy. In addition, the proposed AVAs are measured with breast phantom to detect cancerous cell inside the breast and the performance in detecting cancerous cell are discussed. The corrugation profile and parasitic patch of the proposed antenna are optimized to achieve the desired properties for breast cancer detection. The maximum gain for AVA with non-uniform corrugation and AVA with parasitic patch and uniform corrugation are 9.03 and 11.31 dBi, respectively. For the AVA with parasitic patch and uniform corrugation, the overall size of antenna is mm 2 or It can operate within the frequency range from 1.4 GHz to over 8 GHz. The antenna can operate within the frequency range from 1.63 GHz to over 8 GHz. The AVA with non-uniform corrugation has compact dimension of mm 2 or, where is wavelength of the lowest operating frequency. The proposed AVAs are designed on inexpensive FR4 substrate. The design procedure of two developed AVA structures i.e., AVA with non-uniform corrugation and AVA with parasitic patch are presented. In order to enhance the antenna gain, different techniques such as using the uniform and non-uniform corrugation, expanding the dielectric substrate and adding the parasitic patch are applied to original AVA. This paper presents the design and analysis of antipodal Vivaldi antennas (AVAs) for breast cancer detection.
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